C-LLM: Learn to Check Chinese Spelling Errors Character by Character

Kunting Li, Yong Hu, Liang He, Fandong Meng, Jie Zhou


Abstract
Chinese Spell Checking (CSC) aims to detect and correct spelling errors in sentences. Despite Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit robust capabilities and are widely applied in various tasks, their performance on CSC is often unsatisfactory. We find that LLMs fail to meet the Chinese character-level constraints of the CSC task, namely equal length and phonetic similarity, leading to a performance bottleneck. Further analysis reveals that this issue stems from the granularity of tokenization, as current mixed character-word tokenization struggles to satisfy these character-level constraints. To address this issue, we propose C-LLM, a Large Language Model-based Chinese Spell Checking method that learns to check errors Character by Character. Character-level tokenization enables the model to learn character-level alignment, effectively mitigating issues related to character-level constraints. Furthermore, CSC is simplified to replication-dominated and substitution-supplemented tasks. Experiments on two CSC benchmarks demonstrate that C-LLM achieves a 2.1% enhancement in general scenarios and a significant 12% improvement in vertical domain scenarios compared to existing methods, establishing state-of-the-art performance.
Anthology ID:
2024.emnlp-main.340
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Month:
November
Year:
2024
Address:
Miami, Florida, USA
Editors:
Yaser Al-Onaizan, Mohit Bansal, Yun-Nung Chen
Venue:
EMNLP
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
5944–5957
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.340/
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.340
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Kunting Li, Yong Hu, Liang He, Fandong Meng, and Jie Zhou. 2024. C-LLM: Learn to Check Chinese Spelling Errors Character by Character. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 5944–5957, Miami, Florida, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
C-LLM: Learn to Check Chinese Spelling Errors Character by Character (Li et al., EMNLP 2024)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.340.pdf