Traffic Light or Light Traffic? Investigating Phrasal Semantics in Large Language Models

Rui Meng, Ye Liu, Lifu Tu, Daqing He, Yingbo Zhou, Semih Yavuz


Abstract
Phrases are fundamental linguistic units through which humans convey semantics. This study critically examines the capacity of API-based large language models (LLMs) to comprehend phrase semantics, utilizing three human-annotated datasets. We assess the performance of LLMs in executing phrase semantic reasoning tasks guided by natural language instructions and explore the impact of common prompting techniques, including few-shot demonstrations and Chain-of-Thought reasoning. Our findings reveal that LLMs greatly outperform traditional embedding methods across the datasets; however, they do not show a significant advantage over fine-tuned methods. The effectiveness of advanced prompting strategies shows variability. We conduct detailed error analyses to interpret the limitations faced by LLMs in comprehending phrase semantics. Code and data can be found at https://github.com/memray/llm_phrase_semantics/.
Anthology ID:
2024.findings-emnlp.503
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024
Month:
November
Year:
2024
Address:
Miami, Florida, USA
Editors:
Yaser Al-Onaizan, Mohit Bansal, Yun-Nung Chen
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
8615–8622
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-emnlp.503/
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2024.findings-emnlp.503
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Rui Meng, Ye Liu, Lifu Tu, Daqing He, Yingbo Zhou, and Semih Yavuz. 2024. Traffic Light or Light Traffic? Investigating Phrasal Semantics in Large Language Models. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024, pages 8615–8622, Miami, Florida, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Traffic Light or Light Traffic? Investigating Phrasal Semantics in Large Language Models (Meng et al., Findings 2024)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-emnlp.503.pdf
Software:
 2024.findings-emnlp.503.software.zip