SumTablets: A Transliteration Dataset of Sumerian Tablets

Cole Simmons, Richard Diehl Martinez, Dan Jurafsky


Abstract
Transliterating Sumerian is a key step in understanding Sumerian texts, but remains a difficult and time-consuming task. With more than 100,000 known texts and comparatively few specialists, manually maintaining up-to-date transliterations for the entire corpus is impractical. While many transliterations have been published online thanks to the dedicated effort of previous projects, the lack of a comprehensive, easily accessible dataset that pairs digital representations of source glyphs with their transliterations has hindered the application of natural language processing (NLP) methods to this task.To address this gap, we present SumTablets, the largest collection of Sumerian cuneiform tablets structured as Unicode glyph–transliteration pairs. Our dataset comprises 91,606 tablets (totaling 6,970,407 glyphs) with associated period and genre metadata. We release SumTablets as a Hugging Face Dataset.To construct SumTablets, we first preprocess and standardize publicly available transliterations. We then map them back to a Unicode representation of their source glyphs, retaining parallel structural information (e.g., surfaces, newlines, broken segments) through the use of special tokens.We leverage SumTablets to implement and evaluate two transliteration approaches: 1) weighted sampling from a glyph’s possible readings, 2) fine-tuning an autoregressive language model. Our fine-tuned language model achieves an average transliteration character-level F-score (chrF) of 97.55, demonstrating the potential use of deep learning methods in Assyriological research.
Anthology ID:
2024.ml4al-1.20
Volume:
Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Machine Learning for Ancient Languages (ML4AL 2024)
Month:
August
Year:
2024
Address:
Hybrid in Bangkok, Thailand and online
Editors:
John Pavlopoulos, Thea Sommerschield, Yannis Assael, Shai Gordin, Kyunghyun Cho, Marco Passarotti, Rachele Sprugnoli, Yudong Liu, Bin Li, Adam Anderson
Venues:
ML4AL | WS
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
192–202
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.ml4al-1.20
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2024.ml4al-1.20
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Cole Simmons, Richard Diehl Martinez, and Dan Jurafsky. 2024. SumTablets: A Transliteration Dataset of Sumerian Tablets. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Machine Learning for Ancient Languages (ML4AL 2024), pages 192–202, Hybrid in Bangkok, Thailand and online. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
SumTablets: A Transliteration Dataset of Sumerian Tablets (Simmons et al., ML4AL-WS 2024)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.ml4al-1.20.pdf